VARIOUS MARATHA RULERS:
MARATHA RULERS
|
AREA UNDER CONTROL
|
PESHWA
|
POONA
|
GAEKWAD
|
BARODA
|
SINDHIA
|
GWALIOR
|
HOLKAR
|
INDORE
|
BHONSLE
|
NAGPUR
|
1st MARATHA WAR:
PERIOD:
1775-1782
REASONS:
British signed Treaty of Surat
favouring Ragunath Rao as Peshwa. [After the death
of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became Peshwa ofthe Maratha
Empire. However, Raghunathrao, Narayanrao's uncle, had his nephew
assassinated in a palace conspiracy that resulted in Raghunathrao becoming
Peshwa, although he was not the legal heir.]
COARSE
OF WAR:
1.
Narayanrao's widow,Gangabai, gave birth to a
posthumous son, who was legal heir to the throne. The newborn infant was named'Sawai'
Madhavrao.
2.
Battle of Wadgaon-1779~~English forces
were defeated by Maratha Rulers.
TREATY:
1782-Treaty of SALBHAI ;signed between marathas and Hastings .Peace
b/w Marathas and British for next 20 years.
2nd MARATHA WAR:
PERIOD:
1803-1806
REASONS:
1.
1798--Wellesley introduced Subsidiary
Alliance (securing the rulers providing military help and economic
+political reward in return).
2.
1801—Nawab of Awadh,Nawab of Carnatic signed
Subsidiary Alliance.
3.
In October 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II was
defeated byYashwantrao Holkar, ruler ofIndore, at theBattle of Poona. He fled
to British protection, and in December the same year concluded theTreaty of
Basseinwith theBritish East India Company.
COARSE
OF WAR:
1.
In Combined forces of (Sindia+Bhonsle) defeated
by EEIC~~the Maratha rulers also became the subsidiary alliance of British.
2.
In 1805,Holkar fought with EEIC,signed a Peace
treaty and ends the war.
TREATY: Treaty
of Rajghat,1805.
3rd MARATHA WAR:
PERIOD:
1817-1818
REASONS:
1.
Pindari War started against
EEIc(marathas+muslims),headed by Sindias.
2.
Its spread throughout north and central
India,feared EEIC.
COARSE
OF WAR:
1.
1817-Peshwa attacked EEIC @ Poona~~Peshwa was
defeated and sent to KANPUR and BOMBAY PRESIDENCY created from his land.
2.
All the other Marathas were defeated by EEIC and
treaties were signed for Subsidiary Alliance.
IMPORTANCE:
1.
End of Maratha rule in India.
2.
British became Pan Indian Power.
3.
British gained access over cotton in Bombay
presidency.
4.
II phase of economic drain started in India.
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