BHARAT RATNA PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALVIYA

Brief Summary of the Malaviya Ji’s Life
25.12.1861	Born in Allahabad
1878	Marriage with Kundan Devi in Mirzapur
1884	B.A. from Calcutta University
July 1884	Teacher in Allahabad District School
December 1886	2nd Congress in Calcutta under chairmanship of Dadabhai Nouroji. Speech on the issue of representation in Councils
July 1887	Editorship of the Hindosthan in Kalakankar. Founding conference of Bharat Dharma Mandal
July 1889	Leaving editorship joins LL.B. in Allahabad
1891	Passing LL.B. starts practice in Allahabad District Court
December 1893	Practice at Allahabad High Court
March 1898	Submits memorandum about Hindi to U.P. Lt. Governor
1902-1903	Construction of Hindu Boarding House in Allahabad
1903-1912	Service to province as member of Provincial Council
1904	Proposal of establishing university under chairmanship of Kashi Naresh
January 1906	Convened Sanatan Dharma Mahasabha on Kumbha in Allahabad. Propagation of liberal Sanatan Dharma. Decision to open university in Banaras
1907	Editorship of the Abhyudaya. Propagation of Sanatan Dharma and democratic principles
1909	Editorship of the English daily Leader. Chaired the Lahore Congress
October 1910	Presidential address in 1st Conference of Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
22.11.1911	Formation of the Hindu University Society
December 1911	At 50 gave up practice. Decision to serve country and work for establishing the university
February 1915	Formation of Prayaga Seva Samiti under his chairmanship
October 1915	The Banaras Hindu University Bill passed
04 Feb- 1916	Foundation ceremony of the university
March 1916	Bill against Indentured Labour system in Councils
1916-18	Member, Industrial Commission
1918	Formation of Scout Association by Seva Samiti
December 1918	Chaired Annual Congress Conference in Delhi
February 1919	Debate on the Rowlatt Bill in Council. Resignation from Council
Nov. 1919-Sep. 1939	Vice Chancellor, B.H.U.
19 April 1919	Chaired Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in Bombay
January 1922	Convened all party conference
16 December 1922	Speech on Hindu Muslim goodwill in Lahore
1924	Formation of Independent Party in District and Assembly. Satyagraha on Sangam [Confluence of rivers] in Allahabad. Debate on the Steel Conservation Bill
August 1926	Formation of Congress Independent Party with Lala Lajpat Rai
February 1927	Statement before Agriculture Commission
December 1929	Convocation address in BHU. Asked students to serve nation and be patriot
1930	Resigns from Assembly. Arrested in Delhi. Six months sentence
5 April 1931	Speech on Hindu Muslim Unity in Kanpur
1931	Took part with Gandhi in the London Round Table Conference
March 1932	Formation of All India Swadeshi Union in Banaras
20 April 1932	Nominated President of Delhi Congress. Arrested
September 1932	Chaired meeting on emancipation of outcasts in Bombay
April 1932	As Calcutta Congress President arrested in Asansole
August 1934	Speech on emancipation of the outcasts in Gandhi's meeting in Banaras
January 1936	Convened Sanatan Dharma Mahasabha Conference in Allahabad. Proposal for emancipation of outcasts
1938	Kalpa [Ayurvedic rejuvenation therapy]
November 1939	Appointed life Rector of BHU
1941	Founded Goraksha Mandal
January 1942	Gandhi's convocation address on Silver Jubilee of BHU
12 November -1946	Passed Away

 Brief history of the life of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.

- Madan Mohan Malaviya or Mahamana Malaviya was born on December 25, 1861 in Allahabad, in a family of six brothers and two sisters. Malaviya's grandfather Pt. Premdhar and father Pt Baijnath were Sanskrit scholars. His father, Pt Baijnath, was also an excellent Kathavacak (narrator of the stories from Bhagavad Gita).

- Initially, Malaviya wanted to be a good Kathavacak like his father. However, due to poverty in the house, he was forced to join the government school as a teacher.

- After completing his graduation and the job of a teacher in 1884, he pursued his education from 1889 and passed the LLB course in 1891. He practiced in the district court and then in the High Court. 

- He was the Congress President for a record of four times- in 1909 (Lahore), in 1918 (Delhi), in 1930 (Delhi) and in 1932 (Calcutta). He was catapulted into the political arena immediately after his first moving speech at the second Congress session held in Kolkata in 1886.  

 Social Works :   

• Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya was the founder of several organisation and edited magazines of high standard in order to promote Hindu ideals of Sanatan Dharma, and to build India as a strong and developed country in the world. 
• For this purpose, he founded "Prayaga Hindu Samaj", and wrote served articles on the Contemporary issues and problems of the country. 
• In 1884, he became the member of 'Hindi Uddharini Pratinidhi Sabha'. 
• In 1885, he edited 'Indian Union' English weekly. 
• In 1887, he established "Bharata Dharma Mahamandal", to propagate Sanatan Dharma and Hindu culture. 
• He was editor of 'Hindustan'. In 1889, he edited 'Indian Opinion'. In 1891, he become barrister and started practicing at Allahabad High Court. He pleaded successfully for many significant cases during these days.
• He left the law practice in 1913 and decided to serve the nation for attaining freedom from British rule. 
• Mahamana was keenly interested to help the students for better learning and living and for this sake he arranged to build a Hostel named 'MacDonnell Hindu Hostel' at Allahabad, and in 1889, he also established there a library.
• He remained a member of municipality at Allahabad till 1916 and he was also an honoured member of Indian National Congress for several years.
• In 1907, on the day of "Vasanta Panchami" he started a weekly in Hindi, entitled 'Abhyudaya'. 
• He was also instrumental in bringing out an English Daily called 'Leader' in 1909.

After the death of his father, he decided to serve the nation in more than one way. In 1919, at the auspicious "Kumbha" fair at Prayaga, he started "Prayaga Seva Samiti" to serve the pilgrims. He admitted himself to the selfless action as inspired by 'Mahabharata', the great Epic, making the following famous shloka his mantra:

न त्वहं कामये राज्यं, न स्वर्गं न पुनर्भवम् ।

कामये दुःख तप्तानाम् प्राणिनामार्तनाशनम् ।।

This goal became an ideal slogan later on. 

Making of the Banaras Hindu University:-

• Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya was greatly inspired by Dr. Annie Besant, an Irish lady, who came to India with motive of spreading Educational Programmes. 

• She started Central Hindu College at Kamachha in the city of Varanasi in 1889, which became the nexus of the Banaras Hindu University later on. Pandit ji, with help of the then Maharaja of Banaras, Sri Prabhu Narain Singh ji, proposed to establish the University named the Banaras Hindu University in 1904. 

• In the year 1905, this proposal got the sanction of several Hindu organizations. On 31st Dec. 1905, in the Town Hall of Varanasi, under the chairmanship of Sri D. N. Mahajan, the proposal was finally approved.
• In 1911, in the association of Dr. Annie Besant, a resolution was passed to establish "Kashi Vishva Vidyalaya", and on 28 Nov. 1911, a society was formed to begin the work for the Banaras Hindu University. 
• On March, 25, 1915, Sir Hurcourt Butler proposed a bill in the Imperial legislation Council for the establishment of the University. On Oct. 01, 1915, the B.H.U. Act was passed.

            On Feb. 4th, 1916, i.e. Magh Shukla Pratipada, samvat 1972, the foundation of the Banaras Hindu University was laid down. A grand ceremony was organised to celebrate the occasion in which several eminent personalities of India, were present.

Mahamana's HINDU NATIONALISM !!

- Malaviya is also remembered for his stellar role in the Independence movement and his espousal of Hindu nationalism. He was one of the initial leaders of the right-wing Hindu Mahasabha.

- Malaviya was an important figure in the non-cooperation movement, but he was opposed to Congress' participation in the Khilafat movement. In April 1932, he was arrested along with 450 other Congress volunteers in Delhi while participating in the civil disobedience movement. In the same year, he also initiated a manifesto urging the "Buy Indian" movement in India.

- However, a disenchanted Malaviya then left the Congress party to form the Congress Nationalist Party along with Madhav Shrihari Aney. The party contested the 1934 elections to the central legislature and won 12 seats. He bid farewell to active politics in 1937. 

- Malaviya has also worked towards the eradication of the caste system, and for this he was temporarily expelled from the Shi Gaud Brahmin samaj. He even organised a mass of 200 Dalit people, including the Dalit leader PN Rajbhoj to demand entry into the Kalaram Temple on a Rath Yatra day

Some other miscellaneous facts ---

·         By 1918, "Prayaga Seva Samiti" founded by him  took the form of an Akhil Bharatiya Seva Samiti with centers at many places and a broad based objective of service to the needy during Kumbh Mela, floods, earthquakes, other natural calamities. In 1918, a sub unit modelled like the ‘Boy Scouts’ was started under the Akhil Bharatiya Seva Samiti. The main difference was that a patriotic leader was its Chief Scout and ‘Vande Mataram’ was sung instead of the British National Anthem. He worked for the emancipation of women.

 

·         Mahatama Gandhiji considered him as an elder brother and would call Him "Maker of Modem India". Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru said, "He was a great soul, one Of those who laid foundation of Modern Indian Nationalism".

·         The most important achievement in this decade by him was to get government acceptance of use of devanagari script in court works.

·         Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of the Republic of India, wrote at the time of Malviya’s death, "A great soul has left us. His name and work would inspire future generation and give – message that for a determined person nothing is impossible. His service to nation is beyond words. The vacuum created by his death can't be filled. He was a real patriot".