SCIENCES IN ANCIENT INDIA

Work	Subject	Author	Notes
Vedanga Jyotisha	Astrology	Lagadha (1st c. BCE)	Describes rules for tracking motion of sun and moon
Yavanajataka	Astrology	Sphujidvaja 1st-2nd c. CE)	Translated it mean “Nativity as per the Greeks” It is a collection of astrology-related ideas borrowed from Greek world Gives rules for building horoscopes
Surya Siddhanta	Astronomy		Establishes rules to determine motions of stellar objects
Paulisa Siddhanta (Doctrine of Paul)	Astronomy		Based on works of Paul of Alexandria (c. 378 CE)
Romaka Siddhanta (Doctrine of the Romans)	Astronomy		Based on works of Rome It is the only Indian work based on the tropical system
Vasishta Siddhanta	Astronomy		Attributed to sage Vasishta
Panchasiddhantika	Astronomy	Varahamihira (c. 550 CE)	Work that compares five treatises on astronomy viz. Surya Siddhanta, Paulisa Siddhanta, Romaka Siddhanta, Vasishta Siddhanta and Paitamaha Siddhanta

Sulba sutras	Mathematics	Baudhayana (c. 800 BCE), Apasthamba (c. 600 BCE), Katyayana (c. 200 BCE)	Baudhayana enumerated the Pythagoras theorem. He also described square root of 2 and geometric shapes such as squares and   rectangles Apasthamba and Katyayana developed these principles further
Chandahsastra	Mathematics	Pingala (4th-2nd c. BCE)	First known description of binary numeral system in the world Also describes Pascal’s triangle, binomial theorem and Fibonacci numbers
Aryabhatiya	Astronomy, mathematics	Aryabhata (c 522 CE)	Introduced decimal value notation Describes heliocentric model of solar system Explained lunar and solar eclipses Gave duration of one year as 365 days 6 hrs 12 min 30 sec Gave value of pi (3.1416) Correctly calculated earth’s circumference as 24,835 miles Aryabhata’s principles are still in use for fixing the Hindu calendar Panchanga
Mahabhaskariya	Mathematics, astronomy	Bhaskara I (c. 600 – 680 CE)	Representation of numbers in positional system Solved Wilson’s theorem and Pell equation
Brahmasputasiddhanta	Mathematics, astronomy	Brahmagupta (c. 630 CE)	Describes solution of linear equation Solve system of simultaneous indeterminate equations Sum of series Introduced the concept of zero Formula for cyclic quadrilaterals Rebutted the idea that moon is farther from earth than the sun