DISCOVERERS-INVENTORS IN BIOLOGY

• Amino acid sequence of protein (insulin) Sanger
• Anaerobic release of energy L-Pasteur (1878)
• Bacteria Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
• Pure culture of Bacteria Lister J.
• Bacteriophage Towrt and De Herelle (1915)
• Blood Capillaries Marcello Malpighi
• Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner
• Blood Circulation William Harvey
• Bioluminescence E.R. Dubois
• Biocatalysts Edward Buchner
• Cyanophage Saffermann and Morris
• First description of cell (RBC) Jan Swammerdam (1658)
• Cell Robert Hooke (1665)
• Living cell A.V. Leeuwenhoek
• Cell Theory Schleiden and Schwann
• Centrosome Van Benden
• Centriole Van Benden
• Chromosomes Hofmeister
• Golgi bodies Cammileo Golgi
• Plastids Haeckel (1866)
• Chioroplast Schimper
• Mitochondria Kolliker (1880)
• Microtubules Robertis and Francis
• Microfilaments Paleviz et. al (1975)
• Nucleus Robert Brown
• Nucleolus Fontana
• Nucleoplasm Strasburger
• Ribosomes (Animal cell) Palade
• Sphaerosome Pernes (1953)
• Astral rays and spindle Beevers
• Endoplasmic reticulum Porter
• Central Dogma F.H.C. Crick (1918)
• Coenzyme A C. Lipmann
• Chlorophyll structure Willstartter and Fisher
• Cyclosis Amid
• Cytochrome C.A. Macmunn (1886)
• Citric Acid cycle Hans A. Krebs
• Double Helical Structure of DNA Watson and Crick
• Biological Synthesis of DNA with template A. Kornberg.
• Biological synthesis of DNA without template H.G.Khorona
• Enzyme Edward Buchner
• Embryo culture Laiback
• Extra embryonic membranes Von Baer
• Fertilization in plants E. Strasburger
• Double fertilization Nawaschin
• G0 phase Lajtha
• Gaseous exchange in blood Ludwig (1872)
• Genetic defects in human Sir Archibald Garrod
• Giant Salivary gland chromosomes Balbiani (1881)
• Hormones Beylis and Starling
• Heterothallism Blackslee
• Interferon Issacs and Linderman
• Insulin use for treatment of diabetics Banting
• Mendelism G. Mendel
• Rediscoverer of Mendelism Correns, Hugo de Vries and Tschmark
• Microtome W. His
• Micro-organisms Leeuwenhoek
• Mitosis W. Flemming
• Meiosis Farmer and Moore
• Mutations Hugo de Vries
• Nucleic acid Meishcher called it ‘Nuclein’
• Ovum (Mammalian) Karl E. Von Baer
• Omnis cellula e cellula R. Virchow
• Pinocytosis Edward and Lewis
• Phagocytosis Metchnikoff
• Penicillin Alexander Flemming
• Plasmodesmata Strasburger
• Photorespiration Garner and Allard
• Quantosome Park and Bigginis (1960)
• Quiescent centre Clowes
• Protoplasm Physical basis of life Huxley
• Streptomycin Salmon Waksman
• Chromatograph M.Tswett
• Tissue culture A. Carrel
• Isotopic tracing G. Havesy
• Measuring gaseous exchange manometry 0. Warburg
• Locating DNA in cell A. Feulgen
• Ultracentrifugation T. Svedberg
• Avena curvature test Went
• Teminism (Reverse Transcription) Temin
• Synthesis of urea Wohler
• Virus D. Iwanovsky (Obtained crystals of virus)