THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

            The Constitution, in its current form (September 2012), consists of a preamble, 25 parts containing 463  articles, 12 schedules, 2 appendices and 97 amendments to date (latest being related to co-operative societies added in part IX(B) in 2012). Although it is federal in nature it also has a strong unitary bias.

Parts

The individual Articles of the Constitution are grouped together into the following Parts:

1.	Part I	Union and its Territory	1     -   4
2.	Part II	Citizenship.	5     -  11
3.	Part III	Fundamental Rights.	12   -  35
4.	Part IV	Directive Principles of State Policy.	36   -  51
5.	Part IVA	Fundamental Duties.	51 A
6.	Part V	The Union.	52   -  151
7.	Part VI	The States.	152 -  237
8.	Part VII	States in the B part of the First schedule(Repealed).	238
9.	Part VIII	The Union Territories	239 - 242
10.	Part IX	The Panchayats.	243 – 243O
11.	Part IXA	The Municipalities.	243P-24ZG3
12.	Part IXB	The Cooperative Societies
13.	Part X	The scheduled and Tribal Areas	244 – 244A
14.	Part XI	Relations between the Union and the States.	245 - 263
15.	Part XII	Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits	264 – 300A
16.	Part XIII	Trade and Commerce within the territory of India	301 - 307
17.	Part XIV	Services Under the Union, the States.	308 - 323
18.	Part XIVA	Tribunals.	323A-323B
19.	Part XV	Elections	324 – 329A
20.	Part XVI	Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes.	330 - 342
21.	Part XVII	Languages	343 - 351
22.	Part XVIII	Emergency Provisions	352 - 360
23.	Part XIX	Miscellaneous	361 - 367
24.	Part XX	Amendment of the Constitution	368 -
25.	Part XXI	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions	369 - 392
26.	Part XXII	Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals	393 – 395

Schedules

Schedules are lists in the Constitution that categorize and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government.

First Schedule	·        (Articles 1 and 4) ·        This lists (names) the states and territories of India, ·        lists any changes to their borders and the laws used to make that change.
Second Schedule	·        (Articles 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186 ,221)  ·        This lists the salaries of officials holding public office, judges, and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
Third Schedule	·        (Articles 75, 99, 124, 148, 164, 188 and 219) ·        Forms of Oaths – This lists the oaths of offices for elected officials and judges.
Fourth Schedule	·        (Articles 4 and 80) ·        This details the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) per State or Union Territory.
Fifth Schedule	·        (Article 244) ·        This provides for the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes (areas and tribes needing special protection due to disadvantageous conditions).
Sixth Schedule	·        (Articles 244 and 275) ·        Provisions for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Seventh Schedule	·        (Article 246) ·        Division of powers between center and state ·        The union (central government), state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities.
Eighth Schedule	·        (Articles 344 and 351) ·        The official languages. Recognised are 22 ·        Recognised languages at the time of 1950 are 14 Assame, Bengali, Oriya, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Gujarathi, Punjabi (Gurumukhi), Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Sanskrit. ·        1967 – 21st Amendment Sindh was added as 15th language . A non-regional language. ·        1992 - 71 st Amendment Konkani (Goa), Manipuri (Manipur), Nepali (Darjeeling dist of WB), are added. ·        2003 – 92nd Amendment Dongri (J&K), Santhali (Jharkhand), Maithili (Bihar), Bodo (Assam) are added.
Ninth Schedule	v  This schedule was addedby 1st Amendment in 1951 to protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the grounds of violation of Fundamental rights. ·         Land reform laws made by various states and special laws made by TN , AP, Kar. ·        Acts and Regulations in this schedule at present are 284 (originally 13) ·        In a landmark judgement in 2007, the Supreme Court of India held in I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu and others that laws included in the 9th schedule can be subject to judicial review if they voilated the fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 14, 15, 19, 21 or the basic structure of the Constitutuion.
Tenth Schedule	(Articles 102 and 191) ·        "Anti-defection" provisions for Members of Parliament and Members of the State Legislatures. ·        This schedule was added by 52nd amendment act of 1985.
Eleventh Schedule	(Article 243-G) Panchayat Raj (rural local government) ·        This schedule was added by 73rd amendment act of 1992 ·        Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of panchayats ·        It has 29 matters
Twelfth Schedule	(Article 243-W)  Municipalities (urban local government). ·        This schedule was added by 74th amendment act of 1992 ·        Specifies the powers, authority and responsibilities of municipalities ·        It has 19 matters