Development
in a country is fostered by its efficient governance. To ensure betterment
oftheir citizens, governments over the world have accepted Sustainable
Development Goals(SDGs), announced by the United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) in the year2015, as acceptable governance targets for all. Information
and CommunicationTechnologies (ICTs)1serve as meaningful contrivances to engage
with all the cross-currentslinking the 17 SDGs together. Digital technologies
were initially deployed in the early1990s as means of dissemination of public
services and information. In present times,these technologies have also been
accepted as means for co-creating values for citizensas insisted by
participatory models of governance too.
Emerging
Technologies - The Changing Realm of e-Governance
Category-I
: ‘Artificial Intelligence-AI’ is an area of computer science that emphasises
the creation ofintelligent machines that work and react like humans. Based on
this logic, some of the applications of AI areMachine Learning, Robotics and
Autonomous Vehicles (AV).Example are:
1.
AI can also make governments more vigilant
about crimedetection/ incident response processes/ prospective emergencies by
analysing ‘digital footprints’ of certainsuspicious people.
2.
New AI-based tools coupled with data mining
tools are already being used by the armedforces to speculate about potential
national security threat.
3.
Another popular AI implementation is that of
drones that are remotely piloted aircraft systems. Dronesoffer low-cost, safe,
and quick aerial surveys which can be used for data collection and are useful
inindustries such as power, mining, realty, oil and gas exploration, railways
and highways.
.
.
Category-II
: ‘Transparently Immersive Technologies’ bring the physical world and the
digitally simulatedworld closer, hence, creating a sense of immersion for the
user. Real sensations can be experienced byusing technologies such as augmented
reality, virtual reality, assistive technologies, and wearable technologies.Example
are:
1.
The VR uses a computer-generated environment
to provide interaction with the real system,using head-mounted systems,
whereas, in the realm of AR, the actual machine is augmented or supplementedby
computer-generated sensory output.
2.
In India,startups like ‘Smartivity’ have been
selling STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math)-based educationalcontent
in the form of toys, and DIY (Do-It-Yourself) kits that are AR-enabled.
.
.
Category-III
: ‘Emerging Digital Platforms’ are all the technologies that provide the
advanced digital connectivity mechanisms and tremendous computing power to
process humongous amount of fast data and ubiquity-enabling ecosystems. These
features can be best experienced through digital technologies like 5G,Cloud Computing,
IoT, Big Data and Blockchain technologies.Examples are :
1.
In India, NITI Aayog has developed the largest
blockchain network by the nameof ‘IndiaChain’12 so that records/contracts based
frauds are reduced, etc. IndiaChain will be linked to India-Stack and other
government digital identification databases to further strengthen transparency
in transactions.
2.
BigData analytics’ helps in ‘mining’ /
excavating the datameaningfully, thereby creating new business models built
around knowledge generated by analysing this humongous and heterogenous data.
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