MARATHA CONQUEST

VARIOUS MARATHA RULERS:

MARATHA RULERS	AREA UNDER CONTROL
PESHWA	POONA
GAEKWAD	BARODA
SINDHIA	GWALIOR
HOLKAR	INDORE
BHONSLE	NAGPUR

1^st MARATHA WAR:

PERIOD: 1775-1782

REASONS:

         British signed Treaty of Surat  favouring Ragunath Rao as Peshwa. [After the death     of  Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became Peshwa ofthe Maratha Empire. However, Raghunathrao, Narayanrao's uncle, had his nephew assassinated in a palace conspiracy that resulted in Raghunathrao becoming Peshwa, although he was not the legal heir.]

COARSE OF WAR:

1.      Narayanrao's widow,Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son, who was legal heir to the throne. The newborn infant was named'Sawai' Madhavrao.

2.    Battle of Wadgaon-1779~~English forces were defeated by Maratha Rulers.

TREATY: 1782-Treaty of SALBHAI ;signed between marathas and Hastings .Peace b/w Marathas and British for next 20 years.

2^nd MARATHA WAR:

PERIOD: 1803-1806

REASONS:

1.      1798--Wellesley introduced Subsidiary Alliance (securing the rulers providing military help and economic +political reward in return).

2.    1801—Nawab of Awadh,Nawab of Carnatic signed Subsidiary Alliance.

3.    In October 1802, Peshwa Baji Rao II was defeated byYashwantrao Holkar, ruler ofIndore, at theBattle of Poona. He fled to British protection, and in December the same year concluded theTreaty of Basseinwith theBritish East India Company.

COARSE OF WAR:

1.      In Combined forces of (Sindia+Bhonsle) defeated by EEIC~~the Maratha rulers also became the subsidiary alliance of British.

2.    In 1805,Holkar fought with EEIC,signed a Peace treaty and ends the war.

TREATY: Treaty of Rajghat,1805.

3^rd MARATHA WAR:

PERIOD: 1817-1818

REASONS:

1.      Pindari War started against EEIc(marathas+muslims),headed by Sindias.

2.    Its spread throughout north and central India,feared EEIC.

COARSE OF WAR:

1.      1817-Peshwa attacked EEIC @ Poona~~Peshwa was defeated and sent to KANPUR and BOMBAY PRESIDENCY created from his land.

2.    All the other Marathas were defeated by EEIC and treaties were signed for Subsidiary Alliance.

IMPORTANCE:

1.      End of Maratha rule in India.

2.    British became Pan Indian Power.

3.    British gained access over cotton in Bombay presidency.

4.    II phase of economic drain started in India.